心脏病、中风的风险在某些社区可能更高
By American Heart Association News
生活在环境和社会经济问题高发社区的人可能面临更高的心脏病风险，并使中风风险增加一倍, new research finds.
The study, 周三发表在《沙巴足球体育平台》上, found the combination of chronic environmental and social issues, including higher rates of pollution and unemployment, 导致心血管健康方面的差距扩大，环境因素本身也发挥了重要作用.
“我们的研究是第一个综合考察社会和环境因素的影响，并研究它们之间复杂的相互作用的研究之一," senior author Dr. Sarju Ganatra said in a news release. Ganatra, a cardiologist, 是伯灵顿勒希医院和医疗中心医学研究部副主任兼心脏肿瘤学项目和南亚心脏代谢项目主任, Massachusetts.
最近的研究表明，社会和环境条件较差的社区心血管疾病及其危险因素的发病率较高. In this new study, 研究人员想要探索环境因素单独或与社会经济因素结合在一起所起的作用.
For the study, environmental disadvantages included air and water pollution, the presence of potentially hazardous or toxic sites, few recreational parks and heavy road traffic, along with the presence of railways or airports. Social factors included racial and ethnic minority status, income, education and employment levels, housing status and access to the internet and health care.
分析显示，环境和社会最脆弱社区的居民有1.冠状动脉心脏病的发病率是最不脆弱社区的人的68倍，中风的发病率是他们的两倍多. 在最脆弱的地区，人们患2型糖尿病的比例也更高, chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure and obesity.
“我很惊讶地看到社会和环境因素对健康结果的紧密联系和复杂相互作用," Ganatra said. "We were able to demonstrate their 'dual hit' on health outcomes. And beyond that, 我们更惊讶的是，即使在调整了社会经济因素之后, 环境因素在决定各种心脏病和其他相关健康结果方面起着至关重要的独立作用."
生活在环境和社会最脆弱社区的黑人和西班牙裔成年人比例最高(30%和48%), respectively), 而在最不脆弱的社区，种族和少数民族的比例最低(分别为5%和11%).
The researchers, Ganatra said, 我相信，要扭转环境和社会经济不利因素的影响，需要多管齐下的办法，包括减少空气污染和制定解决贫困问题的政策, urban revitalization, public education, job creation and affordable housing, as well as increased access to quality health care.
“我们的目标是使医疗保健社区能够更好地告知患者他们每天遇到的环境因素," he said. "Patients, in turn, 获得减少暴露于有害环境条件的能力, 例如接触有害化学品和空气污染物，以尽量减少对健康的危害并减轻健康风险."